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SSDs2024-07-01

M.2 SSDs: Big Performance Comes in Small Packages

Solid state drives

(SSDs) released in recent years have become faster and more 👍 capable of handling large

amounts of data. Their full capabilities, however, are being hindered or limited by the

interfaces they 👍 are connected to. Serial ATA 3rd generation interfaces, designed for

the much slower mechanical hard disk drives, run with a 👍 maximum native transfer rate of

6 Gb/s.

The Mini-SATA (mSATA) interface, though designed specifically to provide the

smallest form factor for 👍 SSDs, is limited by the SATA 6 Gb/s link. The M.2 standard, a

specification for internally mounted computer add-in cards, 👍 was created to address the

limitations of mSATA and provide more options for small form factor cards, including

SSDs in 👍 different sizes and with different capacities. M.2 was originally called the

Next Generation Form Factor (NGFF), and then formally renamed 👍 to M.2 in 2013. M.2

improves on the mSATA standard, which uses the PCI Express® Mini Card physical card

layout 👍 and connectors. As mSATA's "successor," M.2 provides higher performance and

capacity while minimizing module footprint.

An M.2 SSD module is connected 👍 to a host

either through a SATA interface or via a PCI Express (PCIe) lane. Though M.2 supports

both SATA 👍 and PCIe, an M.2 module may only be inserted in either one of the two

interfaces, so check your motherboard 👍 documentation to make sure that your module fits

and works with the corresponding socket on the motherboard.

Differences Between an M.2

👍 and mSATA SSD

Both are high-performance SSDs designed for small devices such as laptops

and tablets. The mSATA interface used to 👍 provide the smallest form factor for SSDs.

However, it is limited by the SATA 3.0 link speed of 6 Gb/s 👍 and 1 TB maximum capacity.

The M.2 form factor was borne out of the need for multiple options for small 👍 form

factor cards, including SSDs in different sizes and with different capacities, and

possibilities for extending capacities even further. M.2 👍 provides higher performance

while minimizing module footprint. M.2 SSDs come in longer modules and with

double-sided component population, enabling larger 👍 storage capacities within minimal

spaces. It requires no power or data cables, making installation complete without the

need for cable 👍 management.

M.2 SSDs support both SATA and PCIe interfaces. The SATA

revision 3.2 specification, in its gold revision as of August 👍 2013, standardizes the

SATA version of M.2 as a new format for storage devices and specifies its hardware

layout. For 👍 the PCIe version, details are included in the PCI-SIG M.2 Specification

Rev. 1.1.

Physically, they look different and cannot be plugged 👍 into the same sockets.

The pictures below show ATP M.2 and mSATA SSDs.

SATA or NVMe?

SATA remains one of the

most 👍 widely used interfaces in industrial and enterprise applications, so M.2 SATA

modules are optimal choices for those who want compatibility 👍 with existing systems as

well as the convenience of hot-swapping and hot-plugging. M.2 modules designed for a

SATA interface will 👍 perform according to the latest SATA 3rd generation standard, which

is up to 6 Gb/s.

Enterprises and client systems with a 👍 greater need for speed can take

advantage of the Non-Volatile Memory Express or NVM Express® (NVMe™), an interface

specification developed 👍 specifically for NAND flash and next-generation SSDs. NVMe

leverages existing PCIe technology to efficiently support the growing bandwidth needs

of 👍 enterprise and client systems. An NVMe-based M.2 SSD module installed on a PCIe x2

lane will run at 15.75 Gb/s, 👍 while a module installed on a PCIe x4 lane will run at

31.5 Gb/s – a massive leap in speed 👍 and performance.

An M.2 SSD module is designed only

for either a SATA or PCIe interface, not both at the same 👍 time, although some systems

may have M.2 sockets that will support either one or both interfaces.

ATP offers both

M.2 SATA 👍 and PCIe solutions. ATP NVMe SSDs are designed for a PCIe 3.0 x4

interface.

Size Matters

M.2 modules come in different sizes 👍 and can also be utilized

for Wi-Fi, WWAN, Bluetooth, GPS, and NFC.

M.2 SSDs typically come in three dimensions,

which may 👍 be deduced from the card name —2242, 2260, and 2280 — "22" represents the

width in millimeters (mm), while the 👍 next two digits represent the length, also in mm.

The longer the drive, the more NAND flash chips can be 👍 mounted; hence, more

capacity.

In choosing the right size, one has to consider how many SSDs can be packed

into a 👍 chassis, as well as thermal management issues, which may be a significant factor

for sustained performance. If the area for 👍 dissipating heat is insufficient, it may

result to poor performance and instability in the long run.

The picture below shows ATP

👍 M.2 SSDs in different lengths.

Keys and Sockets

An M.2 SSD is "keyed" to prevent

insertion of a card connector (male) to 👍 an incompatible socket (female) on the host.

The M.2 specification identifies 12 key IDs on the module card and socket 👍 interface but

M.2 SSDs typically use three common keys: B, M, and B+M. You will find the key type

labeled 👍 on or near the edge connector (or gold fingers) of the SSD. Before deploying

M.2 SSDs, determine the type of 👍 socket on the host and check the module connector

keying, as each connector should be inserted only in the appropriate 👍 socket.

ATP M.2

SATA SSDs are B+M-keyed (can fit in sockets for B-keyed and M-keyed modules), while M.2

NVMe SSDs for 👍 PCIe 3.0 x4 lane are M-keyed.

Key ID Pin Location Interface A 8-15 2x

PCIe x1 / USB 2.0 / I2C 👍 /

DP x4 B 12-19 PCIe x2 / SATA /USB 2.0 / USB 3.0 / HSIC / SSIC

/ Audio / 👍 UIM / I2C C 16-23 Reserved for Future Use D 20-27 Reserved for Future Use E

24-31 2x PCIe x1 👍 / USB 2.0 / I2C / SDIO /

UART / PCM F 28-35 Future Memory Interface

(FMI) G 39-46 Not Used 👍 for M.2; for Custom/Non-Standard Apps H 43-50 Reserved for

Future Use J 47-54 Reserved for Future Use K 51-58 Reserved 👍 for Future Use L 55-62

Reserved for Future Use M 59-66 PCIe x4 / SATA

Table 1. Module key IDs, pin 👍 locations

and interfaces.

Source: "All About M.2 SSDs," Storage Networking Industry Association

(SNIA). 2014.

M.2 connectors on the host are called "sockets." 👍 Each socket has a unique

mechanical key, and modules are not interchangeable between sockets. According to PCI

Express M.2 Specifications 👍 Rev. 1.1, the sockets are distinguished as follows:

Socket 1

: Connectivity socket for Wi-Fi ® , Bluetooth ® , NFC 👍 (near-field communication) or

Wi-Gig.

Socket 2 : WWAN/SSD/Other Socket that will support various WWAN+GNSS (global

navigation satellite system) solutions, various SSD 👍 and SSD Cache configurations, and

other yet-undefined solutions. (If the motherboard has a Socket 2 for a WWAN card and

👍 it is not in use, the socket may accommodate a B+M-keyed small M.2 SSD. Please refer to

your motherboard documentation 👍 for details).

Socket 3 : SSD Drive Socket with SATA or

up to four PCIe lanes.

Important Notes:

Please refer to your motherboard 👍 documentation

to make sure that your M.2 module fits and works with the corresponding socket on the

motherboard.

M.2 modules are 👍 neither hot-swappable nor hot-pluggable. Performing

hot-swap or hot-plug may damage the modules and cause harm to the person performing

this 👍 .

Conclusion

As SSDs continue to revolutionize the way enterprises handle data,

choosing the right storage media in the right form factor 👍 and their corresponding

interfaces will be critical. M.2 SSDs offering smaller, faster and more efficient

storage enlarge the range of 👍 choices and solutions to match workloads with price and

performance.

For more information on ATP's M.2 SSDs, visit the ATP website 👍 or contact

an ATP Distributor/Representative in your area.

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